Fertilizer storage should focus on core requirements such as temperature and humidity control, protection from light, proper ventilation, and segregation by type. Specific storage guidelines for various categories are as follows:
General Storage Conditions
Temperature Control: For most fertilizers, the ideal storage temperature is 5–30°C; for biological fertilizers, it should be 4–25°C. High temperatures can accelerate nutrient decomposition, while low temperatures may cause crystallization or damage living microorganisms.
Humidity Management: Relative humidity should be kept below 60%–70%. High humidity can cause fertilizers to absorb moisture, clump, and lose nutrients. Water-soluble fertilizers and bentonite-based fertilizers require even stricter moisture control.
Protection from Light: All fertilizers must be stored away from direct sunlight. Sunlight raises the temperature of the product, and ultraviolet (UV) rays can kill beneficial microorganisms in biological fertilizers, destroying their nutrient activity.
Ventilation: Storage areas must be well-ventilated to disperse harmful gases-such as ammonia-that may be released by the fertilizers, while also maintaining a stable temperature and humidity environment.
Storage Requirements by Fertilizer Type
Chemical Fertilizers: Follow the "six precautions": prevent moisture-induced clumping; seal containers to prevent volatilization; keep away from fire, sparks, and flammable materials; avoid metal containers to prevent corrosion; do not store acidic and alkaline products together; and keep separate from seeds, food, or pesticides. For nitrate-based nitrogen fertilizers, never use a hammer to break up clumps, as this poses an explosion risk.
Organic Fertilizers: Maintain a temperature of 5–30°C and a relative humidity of 60%–70%. Ensure good ventilation, and protect from direct sunlight and rain to prevent nutrient loss or mold growth.
Biological Fertilizers: Must be kept in tightly sealed packaging. If a bag is opened but not fully used, reseal it promptly to prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms. These products should not be stored for long periods and must be used before the expiration date indicated on the packaging.
Water-Soluble Fertilizers: Keep packaging intact. Store different types separately to avoid chemical reactions between components. In cold environments, take precautions to prevent crystallization or sedimentation.
